A little over
a year ago the Canberra Times, the local newspaper in Australia’s capital
city, ran a story announcing that the insurance premiums
paid by the Australian National University (ANU) had risen from around $4
million to $11 million per annum over the last three years.
A statutory authority of the Federal
Government, Comcare provides workplace insurance for several
government agencies, including the ANU. While the premiums it charges them
have on average doubled over this period, the ANU has been singled out for a
particularly dramatic increase.
Why might this have occurred? The advice on Comcare’s website is
unequivocal. It states that the “rate for each employer provides an indication
of the employer's effectiveness in preventing injury or illness and in helping
employees return to work quickly and safely after a work-related injury or
illness.”
When pressed for its own explanation, the ANU however argued that the
insurer was merely trying to recoup recent operational losses.
A detailed,
forensic, rebuttal of ANU’s reasoning would require access to the kind of
sensitive financial and operational information that Universities and Insurers
alike are these days loathe to release. But if we take Comcare’s advice at face
value and conclude that the increase must be explained, at least in part, by a
decline in work safety at the ANU, what might be its source?
University employees are, as a matter of course, at risk of injuris that
arise from such activities as repetitive strain, operating laboratory
equipment, or work-related travel. Such injuries when they occur, however, are
generally well reported and workplace responses can be both swift and
effective. Neither seems to be the case here.
The obvious source of this dramatic growth, then, is psychological injury,
in particular that arising from alleged workplace bullying and abuse. Certainly,
the particular prevalence of such behaviours at
the ANU has been brought to the attention of both the current and previous Vice
Chancellors, and many recent instances have resulted in successful Comcare
claims.
This should
be a matter of considerable institutional and public concern.
Bullied staff can lose much more than their job and career path. They can
also be left with long-term psychological disability. No organisation, let
alone an organisation supported by public funds, and with an explicit public
good as its underlying remit, should consider the prevalence of such a state of
affairs as acceptable.
Staff at the
ANU are especially vulnerable to toxic work practices because, unlike other
Australian Universities, they do not have recourse to an ombudsman or similar
‘disinterested’ arbitrators when there are allegations of internal wrong-doing.
It is all too
easy for senior management and HR staff to become judge, jury, and executioner
when confronted with issues of staff behaviour. Senior Management also has
access to funds to pay out difficult cases, funds that almost invariably come
with associated ‘gagging clauses’ to ensure that the possibility of underlying
managerial and cultural problems remain hidden from further scrutiny.
It is
especially concerning, then, to learn that the University has now been taking
the advice of its Council and actively encouraging claimants
to avoid Comcare altogether. They are being asked instead to approach their
industry superannuation fund for disability cover, effectively bypassing
Comcare’s powers of scrutiny as well as transferring the financial burden back
to the employees themselves. At the same time ANU is also now seeking to remove
itself altogether from the Comcare scheme and self
insure.
This raises
the real spectre of the proverbial turkey being in control of Christmas. There
is a growing perception at the ANU of a nexus between staff who raise matters
of legitimate concern and staff subsequently being confronted with unsafe
managerial behaviours. It suggests that behaviours injurious to the health of
employees are not merely the result of the actions of a few ‘bad eggs’, but are
in fact becoming a normalised tool of University industrial relations. As former
ANU academic, David West, recently
wrote:
The modern university most rewards those who
demonstrate both loyalty to superiors and effective control of subordinates.
Good managers are those who gets things done, which tends to mean that they are
not hampered by either sensitivity for others’ feelings or democratic scruples.
They are assessed according to results rather than the methods they employ, by
ends rather than means. It is little surprise, then, that managers are
sometimes tempted to resort to a more intense regime of control. The rhetoric
of instruction and compliance has largely replaced the more collaborative
discourse of request and consent.
More traditional academic cultures of management by consensus, on the
other hand, requires Universities to select leaders skilled in internal
communication and conflict resolution, and to foster not just mission
statements but also broader corporate cultures that are premised on values of
honesty, competency, and shared vision.
Long abandoned governance structures that used to give academic staff a
controlling stake in deciding who led them, from Head of Department right
through to Vice-Chancellor may have had their critics, but at least they helped
encourage such cultures to survive, if not flourish.
What has tended to arise in their place, as researchers in the US have found,
is based on a much more negative perception of employee capacity,
responsibility and core motivation. Trust in staff is replaced by demands for
constant scrutiny. Managerial appointments are now routinely made from above
without genuine staff consultation, and they are secured by the emergence of
massive salary divide between this new class of academic leaders and the staff
they manage.
A culture of “mobbing” can all too easily follow wherein
apparently ‘non-compliant’ academics can quickly find that they can easily be stripped of the
capacity to function in, let alone, enjoy, their workplace.
To be sure, it is not just the institution as a whole or the individual
victims who suffer from this growing toxicity. We are all the worse for it. The
burden of pay-outs, legal and medical costs, and, indeed, insurance premium
blowouts that inevitably follows is eventually carried by a combination of
increased student fees (or poorer student services) and the general
taxpayer.
Most concerning, however, is the possibility that such an industrial
culture serves also to undermine the capacity of universities to nurture free
thought in our society. In the light of recent political events, that role
has never seemed more important.
Workplace bullying and abuse of staff is a symptom, therefore, of a much
deeper malaise. Our
universities urgently need to apply some of their once hard-won, and much-vaunted,
critical thinking skills to the way they run themselves. And it is time for
senior leadership at the ANU in particular to make safe and easy for the academic
and professional staff they manage to do so.